Secondary Raw Materials Analysis

Key Findings

• Construction sector: 30-100% recycled aggregate content, pioneering CCS technology
• Aluminum sector: 75-100% recycled content in premium products, 95% energy savings
• Steel sector: 770,000 tonnes/year scrap recycling with 100% renewable energy
• Biogas sector: 350,000+ tonnes organic waste to energy conversion annually
• Plastics (EPS): Closed-loop 100% recyclable systems
• Wood sector: MNOK 250 investment targeting 1M tonnes demolition timber
• Most companies: Published 2024 sustainability reports (CSRD/ESRS compliant)

1. Recycled Construction Materials

Crushed concrete, brick, asphalt from demolished buildings and roads

• Recycled aggregate
• Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP)

2. Metal Scrap

Ferrous and non-ferrous metal waste from manufacturing and end-of-life products

• Steel scrap
• Aluminum scrap
• Copper scrap
• Nickel/Cobalt scrap
• General metal scrap

3. Recycled Plastics

Post-consumer and post-industrial plastic waste processed into pellets or sorted fractions

• Recycled polymer pellets
• Sorted plastic waste (especially EPS)

4. Wood-based Materials

Wood waste from construction, demolition, and manufacturing

• Wood chips / fiber
• Recovered timber from demolitions

5. Biomass Fuel

Wood and organic waste used for energy production

• Biomass pellets
• Bio-oils
• Biogenic waste fraction

6. Biogas

Methane-rich gas from anaerobic digestion of organic waste

• Biogas from organic waste
• Biogas from manure
• Municipal waste biogas

7. Digestate & Bio-fertilizers

Nutrient-rich residue from biogas production used as fertilizer

• Digestate from biogas plants
• Bio-fertilizers